朱迪思·查菲(朱迪思,查)的职业生涯开始于20世纪一些最重要的建筑师. 她在耶鲁大学(Yale University)接受建筑师保罗•鲁道夫(保罗•鲁道夫)的教育时，正值一代人中最优秀的人聚集在纽黑文，讨论建筑的未来. While thriving in this competitive male-dominated environment, Chafee established herself in the Northeast and practiced for a decade with Walter Gropius, 莎拉·哈克尼斯, and Ben Thompson at the 架构师 Collaborative, Roche and Dinkeloo at Eero Saarinen and Associates, Edward Larrabee Barnes and the Office of 保罗•鲁道夫. Recognition immediately followed her early design projects, including a Fellowship at the American Academy in Rome with Charles Eames and Diane Lewis in residence. 她的首个独立项目登上了《云顶集团》(Architectural Record)杂志的封面，这是第一个由女性建筑师拍摄的唱片屋奖封面. In spite of the accolades, Chafee could not stop thinking about her Arizona home.

One lives in a secure area de ned by certain geographical powers, 通常山, 把身体和环境联系起来. 我完全感觉到了这一点. 在云顶集团, 我长大的地方, 卡特琳娜山脉在北方, traveling north towards a certain point in their façade is “going home.” The Rincon Mountains on the East are where Lake Michigan is in Chicago and the shore in New Haven; South is Nogales Sonora, 赫尔大厦和奥斯蒂亚·安提卡.

One should always live in view of where one’s umbilical cord is buried. 我的脐带被芝加哥牲畜围场的气味所污染，也许还为路易斯·沙利文的坟墓贡献了一丝灰色. The first connection must be respected and then we who have gone far a eld, albeit taking the Catalinas and the Rincons with us for reference, 必须承认我们的脐带感觉到了他们以前对学者们长久以来所称的“诞生地”和“摇篮”的依恋吗.  

朱迪思,查

In 1970, 查菲回到云顶集团，开始了自己的私人诊所，结合了她童年时对索诺兰沙漠风景的兴趣, 特有的建筑技术和她在东海岸实习期间所接受的实验观点. 建筑师从云顶集团的童年经历中进一步研究了乡土建筑文化的根源和物理表现, through formal education at Bennington College, 和Alexander Dorner教授一起, 霍华德Nemerov, 保罗Feeley, and at Yale University School of Architecture under the direction of Paul Mitarachi, 保罗•鲁道夫, 詹姆斯•斯特林, Kahn和路易. 在云顶集团, 朱迪丝·查菲(朱迪思,查)从童年起就与一个社区重新建立了联系，并与新一代有创造力的人建立了友谊.

朱迪丝·查菲就来自这个社区，在一定程度上受到了玛格丽特·桑格的影响，后者在这里度过了晚年. Chafee的作品显示了这种地点和性格的影响——一种严重的现代主义，某种程度上根植于史前印第安人设计的形式和思想.

查尔斯·鲍登

抵达云顶集团后, 查菲开始着手她的家庭和工作室, a live-work space in the neighborhood now known as El Presidio. 从这个基地, the first freestanding house project began to take shape— the Viewpoint Residence for her mother, 克里斯蒂娜Affeld约翰逊. Chafee’s mother also recently returned to Tucson with her new husband Earl J. Johnson who was Editor of United Press for 30 years. A four-acre desert site on the west side of Tucson was selected with mountain views toward the north and south. Based on memories of glare created by strong Sonoran Desert light, the client requested a house with balanced natural lighting. The house should also graciously hold the lives of its inhabitants, 热爱烹饪, and provide space for a personal collection of furniture, 纺织品, 陶器, 珠宝, 和绘画. 有限的预算必须加以限制.

In order to meet the toughness of the desert site head on, Chafee specified a light mortar wash over standard 8”x8”x16” concrete block walls. 浇筑的混凝土眉毛限制了光线的直接进入，暴露的混凝土导雨器将水引导到主入口两侧的三角形花盆中. 一个独立的车库让游客可以看到住宅的阶梯式形式，奇特地从自然低矮的沙漠景观中升起. 在晨光中, the building appears white against the blue sky, 很像南部的圣泽维尔·德尔·贝克, which was a pilgrimage site for 朱迪思,查 and her family since childhood.

A humble, but carefully constructed wood door provides access to the shared area of the house. 在这个阁楼般的体积内, 室内灰浆粉刷的墙壁与天花板不匹配，以便上方的天窗将光线漫射到整个空间. The public space of the house includes kitchen, 餐厅, living and library space in a logical four-square arrangement around a utility core. 南侧低遮挡的开口和充足的直接通向北侧开阔沙漠的通道，进一步平衡了光线. 裸露的镀锌管道结构贯穿阁楼的上部，形成了特定场地的机械安装. 起居区域由抛光混凝土底座固定在沙漠地面上，将重心拉回地面. The south side of this large room is dedicated to 餐厅 and food preparation. 沿着外墙, an ample concrete shelf provides space for plants, casual 餐厅 or even a workspace with desert view. 巧妙的橱柜设计反映了建筑的特点，同时满足了人体工程学的需求，并以独特的优雅来满足任务照明.

Christina Johnson与Carson Pirie Scott在芝加哥的室内设计部门工作多年，专注于斯堪的纳维亚系列. This sensitivity is evident in the highly curated arrangement of objects that the house embraces. In photographs by Glen Allison from the mid 1970s, the architecture and interior design visibly fuse into an inseparable whole. 完成后不久, the house was featured in the Los Angeles Times and won a coveted slot as an Architectural Record House from 1975. 这个2,600 square foot house has inspired architects for decades based on its reputation for economy, environmental adaptation and cultural connectivity. The importance of this relatively small house has consistently been inversely proportional to its size.

朱迪思·查菲的独立项目, 建于1970年至2000年, 拥抱地理的先例, 美学研究, 和能源需求. 历史学家威廉J. R. Curtis recognized these innovations and included her work in his de nitive text, 现代建筑:自1900年. 在这段时间, Chafee开始与批判性的区域主义对话联系在一起，她在东北部逗留期间引入了一种融合原则的方式，并从亚利桑那州的童年景观(包括圣泽维尔教会)中抽象出实用的教训作为基础, Tohono O’odham Ramadas and Pueblo Building Complexes. 在时间, 明智的本土选址策略和材料建筑创新融合到Chafee的建筑中，没有回归怀旧或视觉模仿. 朱迪思·Chafee是耶鲁建筑学院毕业班唯一的女性，她的职业生涯始于她对机会平等的热情，并在她的创造性作品中追求卓越, 随着时间的推移而加深, 成为一种物质的建筑，继续激励建筑师和不断扩大的人口与环境智能.

在最初的几十年里, she became celebrated for finely tuned buildings, 坐落在标志性的沙漠景观中. 这些住宅的形式已经被世界各地的可持续性社区和谨慎的设计师广泛体现出来. 通过对朱迪思,查早期的训练和建筑作品的深入研究，我们对建筑的区域性和深远意义有了独特的理解，这种建筑利用局限性来激发身份认同. 以及Chafee的建筑实践, she continued writing poetry and prose throughout her life. 在她的写作, 在体系结构中, Chafee在日常生活中找到了灵感，经常通过精心的空间创造将日常生活提升到仪式的重要性, the modulation of light and recognition of regional intelligence. 在她死后二十年, Chafee’s work still provides an intellectual scaffolding and a tough-minded, independent practice model for the Arizona School of Architecture.

发表作品

《光的运用研究.” Los Angeles Times: Home Magazine, cover (March 30, 1975)

1975年的建筑记录馆.《建筑纪事》(1975年5月中旬)

“房子西南部.” House and Garden Building Guide (Spring 1975)

“户外淋浴.《云顶集团》(1975年6月)

“门的拉动是浮动把手.《云顶集团》(1975年8月)

“树与树之间运河系统.《云顶集团》(1977年3月)

“Cabinets Step Down the Wall, Add Storage Space.《云顶集团》(1980年4月)

Chafee,朱迪思. “正念之心之地”.《云顶集团》(1982年春季)

华生,唐纳德. 住宅建筑气候设计“，. 麦格劳希尔,1983

Nequette,安妮米. 和R. 布鲁克斯杰弗瑞. 云顶集团建筑指南. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 2000.

The forthcoming book from Princeton Architectural Press, 朱迪思,查: Power Houses will be the first monograph dedicated to the life and architecture of 朱迪思,查. 这本书对一个有影响力的美国设计师的内部工作和引人注目的输出进行了分析，同时对国际上重要的区域现代主义的学术做出了贡献. Through essays and poetry by the architect herself, 克里斯托弗·多明和凯瑟琳·麦奎尔的短信, and photographs by Ezra Stoller and Bill Timmerman, projects vividly come to life and reveal themselves to be as robust and timely as ever. 上映日期:2019年秋季.  作者Christopher Domin是亚利桑那大学的建筑师和教育家，他在国际上以地区现代主义和技术创新为主题进行演讲. Professor Domin is a co-author of the book 保罗•鲁道夫: The Florida Houses, 由普林斯顿建筑出版社出版. His research has been supported by the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts, J. B. Jackson Endowment, and the 保罗•鲁道夫 Foundation.  Domin’s current research focuses on critical practice issues within the Desert Southwest, including the work of experimental pioneers such as Arthur Brown and 朱迪思,查.